# The Employment Penalty of a Broken Smile

> Missing teeth cost people jobs. What the research shows, who loses teeth, what California pays three dental plans to fix it, and what happens between the payment and the chair.

- Canonical page: https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/employment-penalty-of-a-broken-smile.html
- Site: [I Can't Smile, California](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/), described for agents in [llms.txt](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/llms.txt)
- Published 2026-09-26, last updated 2026-09-26
- Notice: Independent watchdog, commentary and satire project on Medi-Cal dental managed care. Not the State of California, the Department of Health Care Services, Medi-Cal Dental or the Smile, California campaign, and not connected to any of them. Not a dental plan. Not legal, medical or dental advice. This markdown copy is generated from the page for software agents; the page itself is the version of record.

Missing teeth cost people jobs. The research says so, the State of California knows it, and Medi-Cal pays three companies a flat fee every month, for every member, to fix it. Here is what the evidence actually shows, what the State actually pays, and what happens between that payment and the dentist's chair.

Articles
Published 26 September 2026
About a 30 minute read
[Every source linked](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/employment-penalty-of-a-broken-smile.html#sources)

Start here

## Your resume gets you in the door. Your face closes the deal.

Anyone who has learned to smile with their mouth shut already knows this. The bias is quiet, nobody writes it in a rejection email, and the research, as far as it goes, agrees that it is real.

This article does three things. It lays out what the studies actually show, which is less tidy than the version you will find on social media and a good deal more interesting. It shows who loses teeth in America, and in Sacramento. And it follows the money California pays to fix the problem, from the State budget, to the three dental plans, to the specialist who does not appear in any of their directories.

A note on how we work. The first six sections report. Every number in them is quoted from the document it came from, and the document is linked. The two sections after that are our opinion, and they are boxed and labeled so you can always tell which one you are reading. If we have a number wrong, [tell us](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/contact.html) and we will fix it with a note.

Two words to know before you start. **Capitation** is a payment system where the State pays a plan a fixed amount for each member each month, whether or not the member uses any care. **Prior authorization** is the plan's permission, requested by your dentist, before a treatment happens. Both do a lot of work in this story.

> **The Surgeon General, 2000**
>
> “This burden of disease restricts activities in school, work, and home, and often significantly diminishes the quality of life. Those who suffer the worst oral health are found among the poor of all ages, with poor children and poor older Americans particularly vulnerable.”
>
> [Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General](https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/101584932X142), 2000, executive summary. The report called it a “silent epidemic.” Twenty-one years later the National Institutes of Health checked whether anything had changed. Their answer is further down.

1-855-347-3310

**Sacramento members: the way out.** If you cannot get an appointment, the Beneficiary Dental Exception lets you leave your plan for fee-for-service Medi-Cal Dental. [How it works.](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/beneficiary-dental-exception.html)

One

## The interview you do not walk into

In 2015 the American Dental Association's research arm put a plain statement to 14,962 adults and asked whether it was true of them. Nobody has asked a bigger sample since.

“The appearance of my mouth and teeth affects my ability to interview for a job.”

Share of United States adults who said yes, 2015, by household income

Low income, at or below 138% of the poverty line 29%

Middle income, 139% to 400% 16%

High income, above 400% 15%

All adults 18%

Source: ADA Health Policy Institute, [Oral Health and Well-Being in the United States](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/us-oral-health-well-being.pdf), national fact sheet, page 1. Income bands from the [methods note](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/oral-health-and-well-being-methods.pdf): low income is a household at or below 138 percent of the federal poverty level, the Medicaid line; high income is above 400 percent.

**See the numbers as a table**

**Adults who agreed that the appearance of their mouth and teeth affects their ability to interview for a job, United States, 2015**

| Group | Agreed |
| --- | --- |
| Low income | 29% |
| Middle income | 16% |
| High income | 15% |
| All adults | 18% |

Twenty-nine percent. Nearly one low income adult in three said their mouth affects whether they can sit in an interview. Not whether they get the job. Whether they can face the room. That is the applicant judging themselves, before anyone else has had the chance.

The same survey found that, among low income adults, **42 percent** have difficulty biting and chewing, **37 percent** avoid smiling, and **35 percent** feel embarrassed because of the condition of their mouth and teeth. The ADA's own summary line: “Low income adults are most likely to report having problems due to the condition of their mouth and teeth.”

Then the ADA split the Medicaid adults in the sample by one thing: whether the state they lived in covered adult dental care.

Same statement, adults on Medicaid only

Share who said their mouth and teeth affect their ability to interview for a job, 2015, by whether their state's Medicaid program covered adult dental care

Adults on Medicaid in states with no adult dental benefit 60%

Adults on Medicaid in states with an adult dental benefit 35%

Source: ADA Health Policy Institute, [Oral Health and Well-Being Among Medicaid Adults by Type of Medicaid Dental Benefit](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/hpigraphic_0518_1.pdf), May 2018, from the same 2015 survey. The National Institutes of Health repeated the figure in its 2021 report, and the ADA's chief economist repeated it to the United States Senate in March 2023.

**See the numbers as a table**

**Adults on Medicaid who agreed that the appearance of their mouth and teeth affects their ability to interview for a job, by whether their state's Medicaid program covered adult dental care, 2015**

| Group | Agreed |
| --- | --- |
| States with no adult dental benefit | 60% |
| States with an adult dental benefit | 35% |

Coverage cuts the number nearly in half. California has the coverage: adult dental benefits, dentures included, have been a Medi-Cal benefit again since 1 January 2018. So the question this article is really asking is narrower and harder. Does the coverage reach the chair?

**California's own sheet.** The ADA published a fact sheet for each state. In [California's](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/oralhealthwell-being-statefacts/California-Oral-Health-Well-Being.pdf), 25 percent of all adults and 31 percent of low income adults said their mouth and teeth affect their ability to interview for a job, and the sheet repeats the national line that “1 in 5 low income adults say their mouth and teeth are in poor condition.” Two cautions. The state samples are small, about 300 people per income group. And in the California sample the high income group reported problems about as often as the low income group, which the ADA says on the sheet itself. So we use the national figures for the pattern and the California sheet for the headline, and no more than that.

Two

## What the research actually shows

You will read online that a study in the Journal of Dentistry proved people with bad teeth are hired less and paid less. We went looking for it. Here is what exists, from the weakest evidence to the strongest.

52%: Less likely to be rated employable: made-up applicants with visible decay or crooked teeth, judged by 280 hiring managers from photographs

7.7%: Lower odds of having a job for each extra point of dental damage, in a national survey of United States adults

20 points: Rise in employment among women missing their front teeth after free dental care, in a randomized trial

4%: Higher earnings for women who grew up with fluoridated water, almost all of it among women from low income families

### The photo studies

Most of what is known comes from experiments where people rate photographs. In 2014 a Brazilian team photographed ten people, digitally fixed their smiles, and showed both versions to 100 people responsible for hiring at commercial companies. The finding, in the study's own words: “Persons with ideal smiles are considered more intelligent and have a greater chance of finding a job when compared with persons with nonideal smiles.” But not everything moved. “For the characteristics of honesty and efficiency, no significant differences were observed.” That paper is in the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.

The Journal of Dentistry paper exists too, and it is from 2020. The same group showed 100 human resources professionals two faces, altered to show a chipped tooth, a discolored tooth, or a missing one. Its conclusion: “Tooth loss provoked the worse level of judgment in all evaluated characteristics and in professional hiring.” Two faces, one hundred raters, no real job. That is what the citation everyone passes around actually is.

A Saudi study in 2020 put photographs in front of 280 hiring managers and reported that “Applicants with dental imperfections compared to normal smile were 52% less likely to be employed.” The applicants were hypothetical. A Nebraska study in 2008 showed college students a face with and without its upper front teeth and found the person missing teeth “was more negatively perceived on all social traits than a person with full dentition.” And one British study in 2018 stapled the photographs to CVs and asked business students to shortlist candidates. That one found nothing: “In this study, dental appearance did not influence employment prospects.”

So the honest summary of the photo studies is this. In a room with nothing else to go on, teeth move the needle on intelligence and on hireability, and they do not reliably move it on honesty. Put a CV in the rater's hand and one study says the teeth stop mattering. None of these studies measured a real hire, and none of them asked about pay.

### The population study

In 2019 a team used the United States government's own health examination survey, in which a dentist examines each participant's mouth, to build a score of dental damage from missing and decayed teeth, and then checked it against whether the person had a job. The result: “a one-point increase in DPI decreased the odds of being employed by 7.70 percent.” It is an association, not a cause, and the study's title, *Broken smiles*, is the closest thing to a real paper behind this article's headline. One disclosure: one of its authors listed an affiliation with the DentaQuest Partnership for Oral Health Advancement. We mention it because DentaQuest runs two of the three Sacramento plans. It does not make the arithmetic wrong.

### The trial

The strongest evidence is a randomized trial, the kind of study that can show cause. Economists in Santiago, Chile, recruited 799 low income adults with visible dental problems and gave 350 of them, chosen at random, free dental care including dentures. Then they followed everyone. Published in 2024 in the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, the abstract reads: “For women, treatment generates improvement in self-esteem, a higher likelihood of smiling when photographed, short-run improvements in employment and earnings, and improvement in partner interactions.” Employment among treated women rose by 6 percentage points at the first follow-up. Among women who had been missing their front teeth, the research summary reports “employment levels increasing by 20 percentage points, suggesting that improved employment outcomes were driven by appearance.”

Read the limits with it. The effect was for women, not men. The earnings gain faded by the second follow-up. The jobs were mostly informal. It is Chile, not California. But it is a coin flip that put teeth in people's mouths, and the people who got the teeth got the jobs.

### The paycheck

Two economists at Columbia asked a different question in 2010: what are teeth worth in wages? They compared American adults who grew up with fluoridated water, and so kept more of their teeth, against those who did not. “Exposure to fluoridated water increases women's earnings by approximately 4 percent, but has no detectable effect for men. Furthermore, the effect is largely concentrated amongst women from families of low socioeconomic status.” In their working paper the effect for those women “roughly translates into a return of nearly $1/hour” on average earnings of about $11 an hour. They found “some evidence supporting consumer and possibly employer discrimination” as the reason. Four percent is not a starting salary. It is the closest thing anyone has measured.

### The welfare office

Closer to home, San Francisco's welfare-to-work program paid for dental treatment for 377 single adults on public assistance and tracked what happened to them. Published in the Journal of Dental Research in 2006: people who finished their dental treatment “were twice as likely to obtain favorable/neutral employment outcomes as were those who did not start their treatment (OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.12, 3.62).” There was no comparison group, so the people who finished treatment may have differed in other ways. In Michigan, after Medicaid expansion, enrollees whose oral health improved were more likely to say the coverage had helped them look for work: 59.9 percent against 51 percent.

### The reviews

Two teams have read everything. A 2013 review found seven usable studies and concluded: “There is a limited amount of evidence concerning the assumption that dental care can improve employment outcomes.” A 2020 review in the British Dental Journal found sixteen and wrote that “demonstration of real-life impact on employment is lacking.” That is the honest state of play. Nobody has run the perfect study. Everything that has been run points the same way.

### And the salary claim?

The line that people with fixed teeth receive higher starting salaries traces to marketing surveys: one commissioned by a tooth whitening brand in 2007, another by a clear aligner company in 2012, both run by a polling firm and neither published in a journal. We could not find the first one's original document at all. We do not count them as evidence, and neither should you. A draft of this article did. That is why we check.

> **The National Institutes of Health, 2021**
>
> “There also is compelling evidence that was not available 20 years ago that oral health conditions in the population have an economic cost in terms of employability and lost school days.”
>
> [Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges](https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/oral-health-in-america-advances-and-challenges-full-report.pdf#page=121), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, December 2021, section 1 conclusion. The same report's key finding: “Poor oral health reduces the economic productivity of society by limiting participation in the workforce, as well as by increasing health care costs.”

Three

## Who loses the teeth

The Centers for Disease Control published its newest national oral health survey in October 2024. The pattern it found is the pattern the Surgeon General found in 2000.

Untreated tooth decay, working age adults

Share of adults aged 20 to 64 with at least one permanent tooth with untreated decay, United States, 2017 to March 2020, by family income

Below the poverty line 39.6%

1 to 2 times the poverty line 30.9%

2 times the poverty line or more 13.2%

Source: CDC, [Oral Health Surveillance Report 2024](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/media/pdfs/2024/10/CS351478-D_OralHealthSurvReprt-28Pgs-91824_Print_FINAL.pdf#page=6), page 6 and [Table 11](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/php/2024-oral-health-surveillance-report/ohsr2024-table-11.html). The CDC labels the groups high, middle and low poverty; we have written them as multiples of the federal poverty level, which is how the report defines them.

**See the numbers as a table**

**Adults aged 20 to 64 with at least one permanent tooth with untreated decay, United States, 2017 to March 2020**

| Family income | Share |
| --- | --- |
| Below 100% of the federal poverty level | 39.6% |
| 100% to under 200% | 30.9% |
| 200% or higher | 13.2% |

Lost every tooth

Share of adults with no natural teeth left, United States, 2017 to March 2020, by family income

Adults aged 20 to 64

Below the poverty line 6.8%

1 to 2 times 3.6%

2 times or more 0.9%

Adults aged 65 and older

Below the poverty line 29.8%

1 to 2 times 20.5%

2 times or more 11.8%

Source: CDC, Oral Health Surveillance Report 2024, [Table 16](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/php/2024-oral-health-surveillance-report/ohsr2024-table-16.html) and [Table 18](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/php/2024-oral-health-surveillance-report/ohsr2024-table-18.html). Among working age adults, complete tooth loss below the poverty line is more than seven times the rate above twice the poverty line.

**See the numbers as a table**

**Adults who have lost all their natural teeth, by family income, United States, 2017 to March 2020**

| Family income | Ages 20 to 64 | Ages 65 and older |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Below 100% of the federal poverty level | 6.8% | 29.8% |
| 100% to under 200% | 3.6% | 20.5% |
| 200% or higher | 0.9% | 11.8% |

The CDC's editors put it in one paragraph: “Members of racial and ethnic minority groups, people from families with low incomes, those with less education, and smokers have the highest levels of untreated tooth decay and tooth loss or the lowest levels of treated tooth decay and tooth retention. These patterns have remained the same since they were first reported in the 2000 Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General.”

The NIH report of 2021 gives the working age picture more sharply. Among adults aged 50 to 64, about 6 percent have lost every tooth, but “more than 17% of those living in poverty” have. Three in four adults that age still have enough teeth to chew properly. “Among those living in poverty, only about 47% have a functional dentition, whereas 83% of nonpoor adults aged 50-64 years have a functional dentition.” Those are the years when a person is still supposed to be working.

And here, at last, is a Journal of Dentistry finding worth citing. In 2015 it published a review pooling eleven studies of adults aged 18 to 60, and found that “subjects of lower levels of income presented greater chance of tooth loss (OR 2.52; 95%CI 2.11-3.01).” Two and a half times the odds. It runs the other way from the internet version: being poor costs you teeth. Then, as the sections above show, the missing teeth cost you the interview. That is the loop this article is about.

California: who has had a tooth pulled

Share of California adults who have had at least one permanent tooth removed because of decay or gum disease, 2022, by household income

Household income under $15,000 51%

Household income over $50,000 32%

Source: Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, [Chartbook: The Oral Health of Los Angeles County's Residents](http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ohp/docs/LA-OH-Data-Chartbook.pdf#page=21), page 21, charting the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for California. The chart's own caption: “Lower income adults are significantly more likely to have missing teeth compared to higher income adults.”

**See the numbers as a table**

**California adults who have had at least one permanent tooth removed because of dental disease, 2022**

| Household income | Share |
| --- | --- |
| Under $15,000 | 51% |
| Over $50,000 | 32% |

42.0%: Sacramento County adults who rated their teeth excellent or very good, 2021

20.2%: The same rating among Sacramento adults living under twice the poverty line

Sacramento County Public Health, [Teeth for a Lifetime? Oral Health in Sacramento, 2022](https://dhs.saccounty.gov/content/dam/dhs/public-health/services/community-health-promotion/oral-health/docs/archive/Sac-County-OH-Needs-Assessment-2022-ADULT.pdf#page=5), pages 5 and 40, from the 2021 California Health Interview Survey. The report's own words: “42.0% of Sacramento adults rated the condition of their teeth as ‘excellent’ or ‘very good;’ only 20.2% of those with low-income gave themselves this rating.” It also found that more than a third of the adults it surveyed had missed school or work, or lost sleep, because of dental pain.

**Teeth cost work time, and they cost poor people more of it.** The last national count found 320.8 million work or school hours lost to dental care in a year, 92.4 million of them for emergency visits, and adults who could not afford dental care were two and a half times as likely to lose hours to an emergency visit. A Kaiser Family Foundation review put it plainly: “Adults who work in lower-paying industries, such as customer service, lose two to four times more work hours due to oral health-related issues than adults who have professional positions.”

Four

## What California pays for

The State knows all of this. It is why adult dental benefits came back in 2018, and why every Medi-Cal member in Sacramento County is placed in a plan that is paid, every month, to deliver them.

Adult dental benefits were cut in 2009 and restored in two steps, the last on 1 January 2018. The State's own budget document describes what came back: “Effective January 1, 2018, the full restoration of adult dental benefits includes the remaining services which were not restored in 2014, such as restorative services (crowns), prosthodontic services (partial dentures), and endodontic services (root canals). The impact of the restoration of adult dental benefits is included in the capitation rates.”

So a full or partial denture is a covered benefit for an adult on Medi-Cal. Two conditions: it needs prior authorization, and “A removable prosthesis is a benefit only once in a five-year period.” Medi-Cal has an $1,800 a year soft cap on adult dental care, but the provider handbook says it “does not apply to procedures the Department deems medically necessary,” and the member handbook says the same in plain words: “there is no limit for covered, medically necessary dental services.” Implants and the kind of full-mouth reconstruction a private patient might buy are not on the adult list. Dentures are.

Now the payment. In Sacramento and Los Angeles counties the State does not pay the dentist. It pays the plan, and it pays the plan the same whether you go or not. The 2025 contract defines the payment as one made “on behalf of each Member for each month the Member is enrolled with the Contractor that is based on the actuarially sound capitation rate for the provision of Covered Services, and paid regardless of whether a Member receives services during the period covered by the payment.”

**Every month:** The State pays the plan. **Per member, whether or not you go:** About $15 to $19 a month. The blended rate for 2026 is $15.42 a month per member, or $19.14 with a tobacco tax supplement that is due to end. The State's actuaries call the payment “payment in full” for every covered service a member needs and for the plan's costs of running the program. The last time the State printed separate adult and child rates, in 2019, a Sacramento adult brought the plan $20.49 a month.

**Only when care happens:** The plan pays the dentist. **Out of the same fixed amount:** Every filling, every denture. The State pays nothing extra for a denture. The actuaries certify that “There are no stop loss or reinsurance arrangements in these rates,” and the contract says the plan “will assume the total risk of providing Covered Services to Members” and that “DHCS is not responsible for making payments associated with Contractor's losses.” A plan may buy its own insurance against big cases. The State does not buy it for them.

$179.7M: Budgeted for dental managed care capitation in 2025-26, state and federal funds together

$75.7M: The State's own General Fund share of that; the rest is federal

85%: Share of its revenue a plan must spend on care and quality, or pay the shortfall back

$1.5M: Paybacks the State budgets to collect from the dental plans for the 2024 rating year

### Not billions. Millions.

It is tempting to say the State pours billions into dental managed care. The document says otherwise. The November 2025 Medi-Cal estimate budgets **$179,734,000** for dental managed care capitation in the 2025-26 fiscal year, of which **$75,690,650** is the State's General Fund and the rest is federal. The May 2026 estimate puts the following year at $180,042,000. For scale, the fee-for-service dental line for the other 56 counties is $2.96 billion, and all Medi-Cal benefits together are $188.7 billion. Dental managed care is a rounding error in the State budget, which is one reason it gets so little attention. It is not a rounding error to the 847,000 people in it.

A draft of this article said billions. We would rather be right than loud.

### The floor, and what sits above it

There is one limit on how much of that money a plan may keep. Since July 2019, state law and the contract require each plan to spend at least 85 percent of its revenue on care and on activities that improve care. The contract: “Contractor must provide a remittance to DHCS for an MLR reporting year if the MLR reported in accordance with SECTION 5. MEDICAL LOSS RATIO (MLR) for that MLR reporting year does not meet a minimum MLR standard of 85 percent.” Spend less than 85 cents of each dollar on care, and you send the difference back.

Two things about that floor. First, it has been hit. The State's actuaries wrote, in certifying the rates for the second half of 2025, that “reported MLRs have fallen below 85% in recent years for some of the DMC plans.” The State budgets $1.5 million in paybacks for the 2024 rating year. Second, above the floor the contract is explicit about whose money it is: “any funds not expended by Contractor after having fulfilled all obligations under this Contract may be retained by Contractor.” Within the floor, a dollar not spent on a denture is a dollar the plan keeps. That is not an accusation. It is the design, in the State's own words.

### The State's own scorecard

DHCS publishes a comparison of how many adults actually get care in its own fee-for-service system, where any dentist who takes Medi-Cal can treat you, against how many get care in each managed care plan. In 2020 it used that comparison to propose [ending dental managed care in both counties](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/dental-managed-care.html#verdict), writing that the “utilization lag is larger in Sacramento County where DMC enrollment is mandatory.” The proposal died. The gap did not.

Adults who got care in 2024: the State's system against the Sacramento plans

Share of Medi-Cal dental members aged 21 and older, calendar year 2024, as DHCS reported it in April 2025

Saw a dentist at all during the year

Fee-for-service 25.51%

Liberty, Sacramento 25.18%

Access, Sacramento 22.91%

Health Net, Sacramento 21.55%

Got a preventive service, such as a cleaning

Fee-for-service 16.26%

Liberty, Sacramento 13.82%

Health Net, Sacramento 10.83%

Access, Sacramento 8.05%

Fee-for-service, the State's own system Sacramento dental managed care plans

Source: DHCS, [Dental Fee-For-Service and Dental Managed Care Performance Fact Sheet, April 2025](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/FFS-DMC-Fact-Sheet-April-2025.pdf#page=6), figures 9 and 11. A member counts if they had at least 90 days of continuous enrollment. Access Dental Plan left the program on 30 June 2025 and California Dental Network (DentaQuest) took its place, so the Access bars describe the plan that came before. DHCS refreshes these numbers as late claims arrive; its [January 2026 sheet](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/FFS-DMC-Fact-Sheet-January-2026.pdf#page=6) moves each 2024 figure by a fraction of a point and leaves the order the same.

**See the numbers as a table**

**Share of adult members aged 21 and older with an annual dental visit and with a preventive service, calendar year 2024, as DHCS reported it in April 2025**

| Delivery system | Annual dental visit | Preventive service |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fee-for-service | 25.51% | 16.26% |
| Liberty Dental Plan, Sacramento | 25.18% | 13.82% |
| Access Dental Plan, Sacramento | 22.91% | 8.05% |
| Health Net, Sacramento | 21.55% | 10.83% |

Every Sacramento plan trailed the State's own system on both measures in 2024. On preventive care, the visit that stops a small problem becoming a missing tooth, the gap ran from two and a half points to eight. This is the county where nobody gets to choose fee-for-service. The plan is assigned. The payment follows the assignment. The care, on the State's own count, follows less often.

Five

## The specialist who is not there

A simple denture is made by a general dentist. The hard cases, the ones that follow years of missed care, are the work of a prosthodontist, a specialist in replacing teeth. We looked for one.

0: Verified prosthodontists across all three Sacramento plan directories, searched 14 September 2026

551,922: Sacramento County members who must belong to one of those three plans

30: Business days the contract gives a plan to get an adult a specialist appointment once the referral is approved

36: Business days the State's plan regulator allows a dental plan for any non-urgent appointment

On 14 September 2026 we searched each of the three Sacramento directories for a prosthodontist and checked every name against the federal provider registry. [The full scoreboard is on the Dental Awards page.](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/dental-awards.html#prostho-results) In short: Health Net's directory does not offer prosthodontics as a specialty, and the nearest option returned ten endodontists, who do root canals. Liberty's search returned three names, each labeled a general dentist first. California Dental Network (DentaQuest) publishes its whole directory as a data file; the file has 2,556 Sacramento-area listings and not one prosthodontist, and all 71 of its prosthodontist rows in the entire state sit in Southern California ZIP codes. Zero verified specialists for 551,922 people. We do not use the phrase *ghost network* loosely. We use it for a directory that is full on paper and empty on the phone, and this is what we found.

The rules are not vague about this. State law says a directory “shall not list or include information on a provider that is not currently under contract with the plan,” and when someone reports an error the plan has 30 business days to verify or fix it. If a member relied on a directory that was “materially inaccurate, incomplete, or misleading,” the regulator “may require the health plan to provide coverage for all covered health care services provided to the enrollee” at in-network cost.

The contract with the State goes further. Members “must be offered appointments” with a specialist “within thirty (30) business days from authorized request for adult Members.” When the network cannot provide a service, the plan must cover it out of network at no greater cost to the member, a duty that sits in federal Medicaid rules too. And where the State has excused a plan from its distance standard for a specialty, the plan must “make its best effort to establish a Member-specific case agreement with an Out-Of-Network core Specialist at the Medi-Cal Fee-For-Service rate or a mutually agreed upon rate.” In other words: no prosthodontist in the network is not the end of the plan's duty. It is the start of a different one.

One gap is worth knowing. The Department of Managed Health Care's timely access rule gives medical plans 15 business days for a specialist appointment, but that paragraph does not apply to dental plans. For them the operative standard is the general one: “Nonurgent appointments shall be offered within 36 business days of the request for appointment.” So the State's contract clock, 30 business days, is the tighter of the two, and it starts only once the referral is authorized, which is a clock of its own.

How does a network with no verified prosthodontist pass the State's adequacy test? The State's certifications to the federal government say that “there are no established ratios for dental specialties delineated in either federal or state laws,” and the last published count of Sacramento specialists, by plan, is from 2021. [The record is on the awards page.](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/dental-awards.html#state-record)

### The State noticed too

On 9 September 2026 the Department of Health Care Services, which holds the Medi-Cal contract and pays the plans, sent warning letters to [Health Net](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Health-Net-Warning-Letter-for-Untimely-Inaccurate-Deliverable-Reporting_083723.pdf) and to [California Dental Network (DentaQuest)](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/California-Dental-Network-Warning-Letter-for-Untimely-Inaccurate-Deliverable-Reporting_8bf564.pdf), the two plans DentaQuest runs. Same problem, almost the same words. Since the new contract began in July 2025, both plans have filed the one report that tells the State whether members get specialist appointments on time, and they have filed it late, wrong, or both.

Health Net's letter is the fuller of the two. The plan filed its report for the third quarter of 2025 on 28 January 2026, and “DHCS immediately identified numerous deficiencies, including incorrect calculations and missing data fields.” Then: “Between February 3 and August 7, 2026, DHCS issued multiple requests for corrections, but HN's resubmissions continued to contain errors and/or were submitted late.” The State held three help calls with the plan. In the end, “DHCS has determined that HN has not met their reporting contractual requirements.” DentaQuest's own plan was told that its resubmissions “continued to contain inaccurate data” and that “As of the date of this letter, CDN has not submitted a sufficient submission.”

The second report in the letters is the one meant to show each plan checking its own dentists' work. For the second quarter of 2026 Health Net “self-reported that there was ‘No data available.’” DentaQuest's plan told the State that “a chart audit will be initiated once sufficient activity is available to support a comprehensive review.” A year into the contract, the State had a sufficient version of that report from neither plan.

Read that beside the section above. The report the State uses to check the specialist clock is the report the State says it cannot rely on; the letters cite the rule that requires it “to demonstrate their compliance with the updated requirements for network adequacy.” Each plan now owes a corrective action plan within 30 days. If the problem is not fixed within six months, the State says it “will exercise its right to retain withheld funds, pursue Liquidated Damages and/or Sanctions.”

This is the second round. In December 2025 the same office sent both plans a [notice](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Health-Net-Notice-of-Deficiency-for-Provider-Directory.pdf) [of deficiency](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/California-Dental-Network-DBA-DentaQuest-Notice-of-Deficiency-for-Provider-Directory.pdf) about their directories. Whenever a dentist left the wheelchair access question blank, the plans' systems filled in No. Health Net “identified 165 occurrences.” DentaQuest's plan reported that “their current records show 213 GMC offices and 306 PHP offices were marked as ‘No’ for handicap access.” Both plans sent the State the same written answers, word for word; we checked by machine. DentaQuest's plan closed its case effective 17 March 2026. Health Net's last public reply from the State, on 3 March 2026, says “All CAP findings remain Open.”

One more thing the letters do not say. The State may fine a dental plan “up to $25,000 per violation for the first violation” and “up to $50,000 for the second violation, and up to $100,000 for each subsequent violation.” We looked for a fine the Department of Health Care Services has actually posted against a dental plan and found none. Every letter ends with a threat. The fines that exist come from the other regulator, the Department of Managed Health Care, and they sit in [the library](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/library.html#enforcement): $293,000 across 24 years for the two dental-only plans. The money that has moved against Health Net's parent company, including a $40 million settlement over its medical directories, is [on the same shelf](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/library.html#settlements).

### The paper trail since the new contract

1. **1 July 2025.**

 The new contracts take effect. Health Net, a dental managed care plan in both counties for years, is now run day to day by DentaQuest, which also brings in its own plan, California Dental Network (DentaQuest), the newcomer to the program.
2. **November 2025.**

 The State asks both plans why so many dentists in their directories are listed as not wheelchair accessible. Answer: the field defaults to No when a dentist does not answer.
3. **12 December 2025.**

 Notices of deficiency to both plans over the directories, with a corrective action plan due in 30 days.
4. **28 and 29 January 2026.**

 The plans file their first specialist referral and timely access reports under the new contract, for July to September 2025. The State finds incorrect calculations and missing data in both.
5. **3 March 2026.**

 The State tells Health Net that on the directory case “All CAP findings remain Open.” No later reply is posted.
6. **17 March 2026.**

 DentaQuest's plan closes its directory case, per the State's letter of 7 April 2026.
7. **30 July 2026.**

 Health Net files its provider monitoring report for April to June 2026 with “No data available.”
8. **9 September 2026.**

 Warning letters to both plans. Corrective action plans due in 30 days; withheld funds, damages or sanctions threatened at six months.

Six

## Every step has a clock

Each of these is a deadline the plan must meet. Each is also a place where a person can be worn down. Know them, and write the dates down.

Routine prior authorization

5 business days

From when the plan has the information it asked for, and never more than 14 calendar days after your dentist sent the request. The contract's own version says no longer than 10 business days from the request.

[HSC 1367.01(h)(1)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.01#:~:text=Decisions%20to%20approve%2C%20modify%2C%20or%20deny%2C%20based%20on%20medical); APL 22-006, section II.A.1; [all the deadlines, explained](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/utilization-management.html#prior-authorization).

Urgent prior authorization

72 hours

When waiting could seriously harm your health or your ability to regain normal function. Your dentist can say a request is urgent.

[HSC 1367.01(h)(2)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.01#:~:text=condition%20is%20such%20that%20the%20enrollee%20faces%20an%20imminent); APL 22-006, section II.A.2.

Telling you the decision

2 business days

In writing, on the State's form, with the reasons, the criteria used and your appeal rights attached. Your dentist must be told within 24 hours.

APL 22-006, sections II.A and II.C; [HSC 1367.01(h)(3)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.01#:~:text=Decisions%20to%20approve%2C%20modify%2C%20or%20deny%20requests%20by%20providers).

The deadline passes in silence

It counts as a denial

On the day the clock runs out, a request with no answer is a denial you can appeal, and the plan owes you written notice of your appeal rights. [What to do when no letter comes.](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/utilization-management.html#nomail-popup)

APL 22-006, sections II.A.1 and II.A.2; [42 CFR 438.404(c)(5)](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/section-438.404#p-438.404(c)(5)).

Your grievance

5 days, then 30 days

Written acknowledgment within 5 calendar days. A written answer within 30 calendar days. Plans in this program have been fined for not reporting the grievances stuck past 30 days. [The fines are in the library.](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/library.html#pattern)

[HSC 1368(a)(4)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1368); [28 CCR 1300.68(a) and (d)(3)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/28-CCR-1300.68).

The regulator

After 30 days, or at once if urgent

Once you have been in the plan's grievance process for 30 days, or sooner if your case is urgent, the Department of Managed Health Care takes the complaint. It says complaints are “generally determined within 30 days,” an Independent Medical Review within 45, or 7 if urgent. Free.

[HSC 1368(b)(1)(A)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1368); DMHC, [How to File a Complaint](https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/FileaComplaint.aspx).

Specialist appointment

30 business days

From the approved referral, for an adult, under the State contract. The regulator's own rule for a dental plan is looser, 36 business days for any non-urgent appointment, and 72 hours for an urgent one.

Contract Exhibit A11, section 3.2; [HSC 1367.03(a)(6)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.03).

Sacramento only: the exception

3, then 5 business days

Ask for a Beneficiary Dental Exception and the State must contact you within 3 business days, and approve it within 5 if no appointment can be found. Then you choose your own dentist.

[WIC 14089.09(b)(4)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=14089.09); [how to ask for one](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/beneficiary-dental-exception.html).

Directory errors

30 business days

Report a listing that is wrong and the plan must verify it or fix it within 30 business days. If you relied on a materially wrong listing, the regulator can make the plan cover the care you got elsewhere.

[HSC 1367.27(o)(1) and (q)](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.27).

Seven

## The exhaustion loop

The reporting stops here. What follows is opinion, drawn from our own experience of the process and from the rules above. We are not describing any plan's written policy. We are describing how it goes.

> **Opinion**
>
> Nobody has to deny your care to keep you from getting it. They only have to make you tired.

Eight

## Poverty as a business model

Still opinion. This is where we put the six reported sections together and say what we think they add up to.

> **Opinion**
>
> Under a flat monthly fee, a member who gives up costs nothing. A member who gets her teeth fixed and a salaried job leaves the program. Nobody has to plan that for it to be true.

Nine

## If this is you

General information drawn from the public rules, not legal advice. We are a commentary site and cannot take your case. Every number below belongs to someone who can.

Sacramento County

### Leave the plan

If you cannot get an appointment, ask for a Beneficiary Dental Exception. The State must contact you within 3 business days. If granted, you pick your own Medi-Cal dentist.

1-855-347-3310

[How to ask for one](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/beneficiary-dental-exception.html)

Both counties

### Complain to the regulator

File a grievance with your plan first, in writing. After 30 days, or right away if your case is urgent, take it to the Department of Managed Health Care. Free, and the online form takes minutes.

1-888-466-2219

[File online with the DMHC](https://wpso.dmhc.ca.gov/imrcomplaint/?lang=en)

Free legal help

### Health Consumer Alliance

A statewide partnership of legal aid offices that helps Californians “resolve problems with their plans.” Free, by phone or in person, funded in part by the State.

1-888-804-3536

[healthconsumer.org](https://healthconsumer.org/)

Los Angeles County

### You can switch

Los Angeles dental managed care is voluntary. If your plan is not working, you can return to fee-for-service Medi-Cal Dental and choose any dentist who takes it.

[How Los Angeles works](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/dental-managed-care.html#los-angeles)

Neutral help

### The Medi-Cal Ombudsman

Helps solve problems “from a neutral standpoint” so members get the covered services plans are responsible for. Weekdays, 8 to 5.

1-888-452-8609

[Office of the Ombudsman](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/mental-health-services-division-default/medi-cal-managed-care-and-mental-health-office-of-the-ombudsman/)

Bring your dentist

### A dentist's complaint carries weight

A treating dentist's written complaint gets further than a member's phone call. Our page for dentists sets out the deadlines, the appeal and the regulator's provider complaint route.

[For dentists](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/for-dentists.html)

**Write it down.** Every clock above starts on a date. The date you called, the date the referral went in, the date the letter did not come. A dated list, sent with your grievance and your DMHC complaint, is the difference between a story and a case.

Read the small print with us

## What we cannot show

Things we looked for and could not find in the public record, and things you should weigh when you read the numbers above.

### Open questions

- **How many dentures the plans actually deliver.** The State's performance sheets count visits and preventive services. Neither they nor the external quality reviews count prosthodontic services for adults. So the single number that would settle this article, how many Sacramento members got the denture the State is paying for, is not published. A public records request is the route, and it is on our list.
- **What a Sacramento adult is worth to a plan today.** The actuaries' reports say the rate for each group of members is in an appendix. The appendix is not posted. The last separate adult rate the State printed is from 2019.
- **Which plans fell below the 85 percent floor, and by how much.** The actuaries say “some” did in recent years. The plan-level reports are not public as far as we can find.
- **Whether any of this has been measured in California.** No study links Sacramento's plans, or delays in them, to anyone's employment. The evidence in section two is national and international. We think it transfers. We cannot prove it does.
- **The industry hand in the research.** One author of the national survey study was affiliated with a DentaQuest foundation, and the tooth color studies we left out were partly written by toothpaste company employees. Funding does not make a finding false. It is why we quote the numbers and link the papers rather than summarizing them.
- **The California sample.** The ADA's California sheet rests on about 300 people per income group, and its high income group reported problems as often as its low income group. Treat the 31 percent as a headline, not a measurement.
- **What the specialist referral reports actually say.** The State publishes the letters saying the plans' quarterly Timely Access and Specialty Referral reports were late or wrong. It does not publish the reports. Whether any Sacramento member waited past the 30 business day specialist clock, and how many, is inside them. Another records request.
- **Whether the State has ever fined a dental plan.** Its own letter sets the amounts. We found no notice of a fine against any of the dental plans on the State's dental managed care page, and no listing anywhere else. If one exists, send it and we will add it.
- **Two dates the State's own documents disagree on.** The contract says a 6 percent withhold from the plans' payments begins with the new contract in July 2025; the State's budget estimate says no withholds were budgeted for 2025. The actuaries say the tobacco tax supplement ends on 1 July 2026; the May 2026 estimate says its end has been delayed to 30 June 2027.

Show your work

## Sources

Every quotation on this page was checked by machine against a saved copy of the document it came from. Journal articles link to the National Library of Medicine's abstract where the paper itself is behind a paywall.

### The interview and the surveys

1. ADA Health Policy Institute, [Oral Health and Well-Being in the United States](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/us-oral-health-well-being.pdf), national fact sheet, 2015 Harris Poll survey of 14,962 adults; the job interview figures, page 1, and the problems by income, page 3. [Methods](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/oral-health-and-well-being-methods.pdf) for the sample and the income bands.
2. ADA Health Policy Institute, [California fact sheet](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/oralhealthwell-being-statefacts/California-Oral-Health-Well-Being.pdf), same survey.
3. ADA Health Policy Institute, [Oral Health and Well-Being Among Medicaid Adults by Type of Medicaid Dental Benefit](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/hpigraphic_0518_1.pdf), May 2018. The 60 percent and 35 percent figures. Repeated by Marko Vujicic in [testimony to the Senate Finance Committee](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/research/hpi/marko_vujicic_senate_oral_health_testimony.pdf), 29 March 2023, page 4.
4. Kaiser Family Foundation, [Access to Dental Care in Medicaid: Spotlight on Nonelderly Adults](https://www.kff.org/medicaid/access-to-dental-care-in-medicaid-spotlight-on-nonelderly-adults/), March 2016. The lost work hours by industry.
5. Kelekar U, Naavaal S, [Hours Lost to Planned and Unplanned Dental Visits Among US Adults](https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0225.htm), Preventing Chronic Disease 2018, from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey. The 320.8 million and 92.4 million hours, and the 2.56 odds ratio for people who could not afford care.

### The research

1. Pithon MM, Nascimento CC, Barbosa GC, Coqueiro RS, [Do dental esthetics have any influence on finding a job?](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25263144/), American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2014;146(4):423-429.
2. Magno MB, Nadelman P, de Andrade ACDV, de Oliveira DD, Coqueiro RDS, Maia LC, Pithon MM, [Does dental trauma and its consequences influence the professional hiring process?](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32464242/), Journal of Dentistry 2020;99:103385. The Journal of Dentistry paper.
3. Almedlej R and others, [Dental esthetic and the likelihood of finding a job in Saudi Arabia](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7014893/), Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2020;9(1):276-281. Open access. The 52 percent.
4. Willis MS, Esqueda CW, Schacht RN, [Social perceptions of individuals missing upper front teeth](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18556899/), Perceptual and Motor Skills 2008;106(2):423-435.
5. McErlain M, Newton JT, Jeremiah HG, [Does dental appearance affect employment prospects](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29637837/), Journal of Orthodontics 2018;45(2):71-78. The null result.
6. Halasa-Rappel YA, Tschampl CA, Foley M, Dellapenna M, Shepard DS, [Broken smiles: The impact of untreated dental caries and missing anterior teeth on employment](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30990228/), Journal of Public Health Dentistry 2019;79(3):231-237. Data from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The affiliation is on the same abstract page.
7. Gallego FA, Larroulet Philippi C, Repetto A, [What's behind Her Smile? Health, Looks, and Self-Esteem](https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20210248), American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2024;16(2):359-388. The 6 percentage points are in the authors' [October 2018 working paper](https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/research-paper/Whats-Behind-Her-Smile_Gallego-Larroulet-Repetto_October2018.pdf), and the 20 points in the [J-PAL evaluation summary](https://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/impact-free-dental-health-services-employment-chile).
8. Glied S, Neidell M, [The Economic Value of Teeth](https://jhr.uwpress.org/content/45/2/468.abstract), Journal of Human Resources 2010;45(2):468-496. The dollar figures are from the open [NBER working paper 13879](https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w13879/w13879.pdf), March 2008.
9. Hyde S, Satariano WA, Weintraub JA, [Welfare Dental Intervention Improves Employment and Quality of Life](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2248157/), Journal of Dental Research 2006;85(1):79-84. Open access. San Francisco's Personal Assisted Employment Services program.
10. Kieffer EC and others, [Beneficiaries' perspectives on improved oral health and its mediators after Medicaid expansion in Michigan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33754344/), Journal of Public Health Dentistry 2021. The 59.9 and 51 percent.
11. Singhal S, Correa R, Quiñonez C, [The impact of dental treatment on employment outcomes: a systematic review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23093019/), Health Policy 2013;109(1):88-96.
12. Moore D, Keat R, [Does dental appearance impact on employability in adults? A scoping review](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-020-2025-5), British Dental Journal, October 2020.
13. Seerig LM, Nascimento GG, Peres MA, Horta BL, Demarco FF, [Tooth loss in adults and income: Systematic review and meta-analysis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26163163/), Journal of Dentistry 2015;43(9):1051-1059.
14. The marketing surveys we do not count: a 2007 survey commissioned by Crest Whitestrips, for which we found no primary document, and a 2012 survey commissioned by Align Technology, published as a [press release](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/first-impressions-are-everything-new-study-confirms-people-with-straight-teeth-are-perceived-as-more-successful-smarter-and-having-more-dates-148073735.html). Neither appeared in a journal.

### Who loses the teeth

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [Oral Health Surveillance Report 2024](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/media/pdfs/2024/10/CS351478-D_OralHealthSurvReprt-28Pgs-91824_Print_FINAL.pdf), data from 2017 to March 2020, pages 3, 6 and 7, and tables [11](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/php/2024-oral-health-surveillance-report/ohsr2024-table-11.html), [16](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/php/2024-oral-health-surveillance-report/ohsr2024-table-16.html) and [18](https://www.cdc.gov/oral-health/php/2024-oral-health-surveillance-report/ohsr2024-table-18.html).
2. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, [Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges](https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2024-08/oral-health-in-america-advances-and-challenges-full-report.pdf), December 2021, pages 59, 81 and 121, and the [executive summary](https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2021-12/Oral-Health-in-America-Executive-Summary.pdf), pages 15 and 16, for the working age figures.
3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, [Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General](https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/101584932X142), 2000, executive summary, at the National Library of Medicine.
4. Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, [Chartbook: The Oral Health of Los Angeles County's Residents](http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ohp/docs/LA-OH-Data-Chartbook.pdf), October 2025, page 21, charting the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for California.
5. Sacramento County Public Health, prepared by Barbara Aved Associates, [Teeth for a Lifetime? Oral Health in Sacramento, 2022](https://dhs.saccounty.gov/content/dam/dhs/public-health/services/community-health-promotion/oral-health/docs/archive/Sac-County-OH-Needs-Assessment-2022-ADULT.pdf), adult needs assessment, December 2022, pages 5 and 40.

### The money

1. DHCS, [November 2025 Medi-Cal Local Assistance Estimate](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/N25-Medi-Cal-Local-Assistance-Estimate.pdf#page=201), Dental Managed Care policy change, pages 201 to 203, for the $179,734,000 and $75,690,650, the monthly per capita rate, the 2018 restoration and the 85 percent floor; page 225 for the fee-for-service dental line; page 46 for total benefits; and page 666 for the $1.5 million in budgeted paybacks.
2. DHCS, [May 2026 Medi-Cal Local Assistance Appropriation Estimate](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/M26-Medi-Cal-Local-Assistance-Appropriation-Estimate.pdf#page=16), page 16, for the 2026-27 figure and the tobacco tax supplement date.
3. Mercer for DHCS, [CY 2026 Dental Managed Care rate certification](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CY2026-DMC-Rate-Certification-Report.pdf), pages 5 to 7 and 24, for the $15.42 and $19.14 rates, and [the second half of 2025 certification](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/CY2025-2H-DMC-Rate-Certification-Report.pdf), pages 10, 18 and 24, for the loss ratio history and the absence of stop loss or reinsurance.
4. DHCS, [Medi-Cal Dental Managed Care report to the Legislature](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/2019-Medi-Cal-DentalManagedCare.pdf), 2019, for the $20.49 adult rate.
5. DHCS, [Dental Managed Care contract, 2025 template](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/DMC-Boilerplate-Contract-2025.pdf): Exhibit E1 (page 299) for the definition of a capitation payment; Exhibit B sections 2, 4, 8 and 13 (pages 210, 214, 218 and 220) for risk, payment in full, reinsurance and the loss ratio remittance; Exhibit A3 section 5 (page 37) for loss ratio reporting; Exhibit A11 section 3.2 (page 100) for appointment times; Exhibit A8 section 9 for out-of-network care; Exhibit A11 section 1 for the case agreement. The published template; each plan's signed copy is not public.
6. [Welfare and Institutions Code section 14197.2](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=14197.2), the 85 percent minimum medical loss ratio and the remittance, implementing [42 CFR 438.8](https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/42/438.8). DHCS [Dental All Plan Letter 24-003](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/APL-24-003-Medical-Loss-Ratio-Requirements-for-Subcontractors-and-Downstream-Subcontractors.pdf) applies it to the dental plans.
7. [Welfare and Institutions Code section 14131.10](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=14131.10), the adult dental benefit and its restoration as of 1 January 2018. Medi-Cal Dental Provider Handbook, [section 5](https://www.dental.dhcs.ca.gov/MCD_documents/providers/provider_handbook/PHB_section_05_MOC_SMA.pdf#page=83), page 83, for the five-year denture rule and prior authorization, and [section 4](https://www.dental.dhcs.ca.gov/MCD_documents/providers/provider_handbook/PHB_section_04_treating_members.pdf#page=20), page 20, for the $1,800 soft cap. [Medi-Cal Dental Member Handbook](https://dental.dhcs.ca.gov/MCD_documents/members/member_handbook_english.pdf#page=13), 2025, page 13.
8. DHCS, [Dental Fee-For-Service and Dental Managed Care Performance Fact Sheet, April 2025](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/FFS-DMC-Fact-Sheet-April-2025.pdf), figures 9 and 11, pages 6 and 8, and the [January 2026 sheet](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/FFS-DMC-Fact-Sheet-January-2026.pdf). DHCS, [Restoration of Dental Fee-For-Service in Sacramento and Los Angeles Counties](http://web.archive.org/web/20200628142715/https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/Documents/DHCS-Restoration-of-Dental-FFS-Fact-Sheet.pdf), 2020, Internet Archive copy.

### The network and the clocks

1. On this site: [the prosthodontist searches](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/dental-awards.html#prostho-results), [network adequacy in plain words](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/dental-awards.html#network-adequacy) and [the State's record](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/dental-awards.html#state-record); [the prior authorization deadlines](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/utilization-management.html#prior-authorization); [the fines](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/library.html#pattern); [the Beneficiary Dental Exception](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/beneficiary-dental-exception.html). Enrollment figure from the CHHS Medi-Cal Managed Care Enrollment Report, August 2026, as shown there.
2. [Health and Safety Code section 1367.27](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.27), provider directories: subdivisions (a), (o)(1) and (q).
3. [Health and Safety Code section 1367.03](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.03), timely access: subdivision (a)(6) for the dental standards, (a)(7) for sufficient providers, and (b) for which paragraphs bind dental plans; the same rules in regulation at [28 CCR 1300.67.2.2](https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/28-CCR-1300.67.2.2), subsections (a)(2) and (c)(6).
4. [Health and Safety Code section 1367.01](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1367.01), subdivision (h), the decision clocks; [section 1368](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=HSC&sectionNum=1368), grievances and the 30 day route to the regulator; [28 CCR 1300.68](https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/28-CCR-1300.68), the plan's 30 day clock.
5. DHCS, [Dental All Plan Letter 22-006](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/APL-22-006.pdf), sections II.A and II.C; [42 CFR 438.206(b)(4) and (5)](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/section-438.206#p-438.206(b)(4)), out-of-network care; [42 CFR 438.404(c)(5)](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/section-438.404#p-438.404(c)(5)), a missed deadline as a denial.
6. DHCS Medi-Cal Dental Services Division, warning letters of 9 September 2026 to [Health Net Community Solutions, Inc.](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Health-Net-Warning-Letter-for-Untimely-Inaccurate-Deliverable-Reporting_083723.pdf) and to [California Dental Network, DBA DentaQuest](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/California-Dental-Network-Warning-Letter-for-Untimely-Inaccurate-Deliverable-Reporting_8bf564.pdf); notices of deficiency of 12 December 2025 to [Health Net of California, Inc.](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Health-Net-Notice-of-Deficiency-for-Provider-Directory.pdf) and to [California Dental Network, DBA DentaQuest](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/California-Dental-Network-DBA-DentaQuest-Notice-of-Deficiency-for-Provider-Directory.pdf); the State's replies of [3 March 2026](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/03-03-26-DHCS-CAP-Response-to-HN.pdf) to Health Net and [7 April 2026](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/4-7-26-DHCS-Response-to-CDN-CAP.pdf) to DentaQuest's plan. All are indexed on the State's [Medi-Cal Dental Managed Care page](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal-dental-managed-care/), where, as of 26 September 2026, the two September letters are filed under each other's plan name, which is why we link the files directly.
7. DHCS, [Dental All Plan Letter 22-009](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/APL-22-009-1.pdf), Enforcement Actions: Administrative and Monetary Sanctions, 19 August 2022, for the sanction amounts, which come from Welfare and Institutions Code section 14197.7(f).
8. Department of Managed Health Care, [How to File a Complaint](https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/FileaComplaint.aspx), and its [Independent Medical Review fact sheet](https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/Portals/0/Docs/HC/IMRFactSheet-Accessible.pdf), October 2025. Health Consumer Alliance, [healthconsumer.org](https://healthconsumer.org/). DHCS, [Medi-Cal Managed Care and Mental Health Office of the Ombudsman](https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/mental-health-services-division-default/medi-cal-managed-care-and-mental-health-office-of-the-ombudsman/). [Welfare and Institutions Code section 14089.09](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=14089.09), the Beneficiary Dental Exception.

## Been through the loop?

The State counts visits. It does not count the months, the calls or the interviews you did not walk into. If you have a dated list, we would like to see it.

[Tell us what happened](https://icantsmilecalifornia.org/contact.html)